End-to-end (E2E) testing is a crucial step in ensuring the quality and reliability of SAP UI5 applications before deployment. It validates the complete workflow, simulating user interactions across the entire application to catch defects that unit or integration tests might miss.
SAP UI5 provides a powerful testing framework called OPA5 (One Page Acceptance Tests), designed specifically for E2E testing of UI5 apps. This article explains how OPA5 works, why it’s valuable, and how to implement effective acceptance tests.
OPA5 is a JavaScript-based acceptance testing framework built on top of QUnit and Sinon.JS, designed to automate the testing of SAP UI5 applications’ UI and user interaction flows. It simulates user behavior such as clicking buttons, filling forms, navigation, and validating UI states, ensuring that the app behaves as expected from the user's perspective.
OPA5 is particularly suited for SAP Fiori and SAP UI5 apps because it leverages UI5’s component and control structure, allowing robust, maintainable tests.
OPA5 is structured around three types of modules:
These modules follow the Given-When-Then pattern familiar in behavior-driven development (BDD):
To use OPA5, include QUnit and OPA5 libraries in your test configuration. The typical structure involves:
test/ folder containing:
AllJourneys.js — entry point that runs all OPA5 tests.arrangements/ — arrangement files.actions/ — action modules.assertions/ — assertion modules.pages/ — page objects representing views.You typically define page objects to abstract UI control selectors, making tests reusable and easier to maintain.
Page objects encapsulate UI controls and interaction logic.
sap.ui.define([
"sap/ui/test/Opa5",
"sap/ui/test/actions/Press",
"sap/ui/test/matchers/PropertyStrictEquals"
], function(Opa5, Press, PropertyStrictEquals) {
"use strict";
Opa5.createPageObjects({
onTheAppPage: {
actions: {
iPressOnTheButton: function () {
return this.waitFor({
id: "myButton",
actions: new Press(),
errorMessage: "Did not find the button to press"
});
}
},
assertions: {
iShouldSeeTheSuccessMessage: function () {
return this.waitFor({
controlType: "sap.m.MessageToast",
success: function () {
Opa5.assert.ok(true, "Success message shown");
},
errorMessage: "Did not find the success message"
});
}
}
}
});
});
sap.ui.define([
"sap/ui/test/opaQunit"
], function(opaTest) {
"use strict";
QUnit.module("App Journey");
opaTest("Pressing the button shows a success message", function(Given, When, Then) {
Given.iStartMyApp(); // Arrangement
When.onTheAppPage.iPressOnTheButton(); // Action
Then.onTheAppPage.iShouldSeeTheSuccessMessage(); // Assertion
Then.iTeardownMyApp();
});
});
OPA5 tests run in a browser environment and can be executed:
npm scripts or UI5 tooling.OPA5 is an essential tool in the SAP UI5 developer’s arsenal for implementing end-to-end acceptance tests. It brings robustness and reliability by mimicking real user behavior and verifying the complete UI workflow.
By integrating OPA5 tests into your development lifecycle, you improve software quality, reduce manual testing, and accelerate delivery of SAP Fiori and UI5 applications with confidence.