Here’s a structured list of 100 chapter titles for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) exam, covering topics from beginner to advanced levels. These chapters are designed to help you prepare for the competitive exam, focusing on life sciences, biotechnology, and related fields.
- Cell Structure and Function
- Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
- Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
- Enzymes: Structure, Function, and Regulation
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Basics of Genetics: Mendelian Inheritance
- Chromosome Structure and Organization
- Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- Basics of Microbiology: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
- Introduction to Immunology
- DNA Replication and Repair Mechanisms
- Transcription and RNA Processing
- Translation and Protein Synthesis
- Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
- Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
- Molecular Techniques: PCR, Gel Electrophoresis, and Blotting
- Recombinant DNA Technology and Cloning Vectors
- Genomics and Functional Genomics
- Epigenetics: DNA Methylation and Histone Modification
- Non-Coding RNAs and Their Functions
- Genetic Disorders: Single-Gene and Multifactorial
- Human Genome Project and Its Applications
- Linkage and Crossing Over
- Mutations: Types, Causes, and Effects
- Genetic Engineering and CRISPR-Cas9 Technology
- Population Genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- Quantitative Genetics and Heritability
- Genome Sequencing Techniques
- Comparative Genomics
- Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine
- Membrane Structure and Transport Mechanisms
- Cell Signaling Pathways: GPCRs and RTKs
- Apoptosis and Necrosis
- Autophagy and Cellular Homeostasis
- Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility
- Cell-Cell Interactions and Extracellular Matrix
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
- Cancer Biology: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Regulation
- Mitochondria and Cellular Energy Production
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity
- Antigen-Antibody Interactions
- Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
- B-Cell and T-Cell Development
- Cytokines and Chemokines
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Vaccines and Immunization
- Immunological Techniques: ELISA, Flow Cytometry
- Immunotherapy and Monoclonal Antibodies
- Bacterial Structure and Classification
- Bacterial Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors
- Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance
- Viral Structure and Replication
- Viral Pathogenesis and Host Response
- HIV/AIDS and Retroviruses
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
- Fungal Pathogens and Mycoses
- Parasitology: Protozoa and Helminths
- Microbial Biotechnology and Industrial Applications
- Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Photosynthesis and Light Reactions
- Lipid Metabolism and Beta-Oxidation
- Amino Acid Metabolism and Urea Cycle
- Nucleotide Metabolism
- Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism
- Vitamins and Coenzymes
- Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes and Obesity
- Redox Reactions and Antioxidants
¶ Section 8: Biotechnology and Applications (Advanced Level)
- Gene Therapy: Principles and Applications
- Transgenic Animals and Plants
- Biosensors and Their Applications
- Bioremediation and Environmental Biotechnology
- Industrial Enzymes and Fermentation Technology
- Nanotechnology in Medicine
- Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering
- Bioinformatics: Tools and Databases
- Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technologies
- Ethical Issues in Biotechnology
¶ Section 9: Developmental Biology and Evolution (Advanced Level)
- Gametogenesis and Fertilization
- Embryonic Development: Cleavage and Gastrulation
- Organogenesis and Pattern Formation
- Developmental Signaling Pathways: Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog
- Evolutionary Biology: Theories and Evidence
- Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics
- Speciation and Genetic Drift
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo)
- Human Evolution and Comparative Anatomy
- Evolutionary Medicine
¶ Section 10: Advanced Topics and Current Trends (Advanced Level)
- Systems Biology and Network Analysis
- Single-Cell Omics Technologies
- Metabolomics and Proteomics
- Neurobiology: Neurons and Synapses
- Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Modification
- Climate Change and Its Impact on Health
- One Health Approach: Linking Human, Animal, and Environmental Health
- Artificial Intelligence in Life Sciences
- Recent Advances in Cancer Research
- Future Directions in Biomedical Research
This structured list covers the breadth of topics required for the ICMR JRF exam, starting from foundational concepts and progressing to advanced and applied areas. Make sure to focus on current trends and recent advancements, as they are often emphasized in competitive exams. Good luck with your preparation!